Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) training systems offer safe, immersive skill practice but face user experience (UX) challenges. This paper employs a conceptual analysis of peer-reviewed literature to investigate the interconnection of usability, feedback design, comfort, and presence. The study introduces a conceptual framework that maps a logic pathway from usability/feedback through the interplay of comfort and presence to final learning outcomes. This model positions usability and feedback as foundational inputs that regulate the tension between physical comfort and psychological immersion, both of which are prerequisites for effective skill transfer. By formalizing these relationships, the framework provides a diagnostic blueprint to guide future UX improvements in VR training systems. It offers a structured approach for developers and researchers to prioritize interventions, ensuring that immersive training environments are both ergonomically sound and pedagogically effective.

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