Abstract
Research on the credibility of responses to online surveys has thus far omitted geo-questionnaires, which are web-based surveys which involve participants with an interactive map. This paper proposes a heuristic credibility assessment model for online geo-questionnaires, based on ten behavioral indicators derived from paradata, including response time, zoom interactions, inactivity periods, and geometric consistency of drawn routes. The model was implemented in an online geo-survey platform and evaluated on data collected from 44 university students, who completed a geo-questionnaire about the city of Gda´nsk with engagement control questions. Results show that the proposed indicators effectively distinguish between low-knowledge and low-engagement respondents, and that credibility-based filtering can increase average respondent scores by up to 12.1%. The findings confirm that paradata-driven credibility assessment can serve as a practical quality filtering mechanism in geo-questionnaire analysis.
Paper Type
Poster
DOI
10.62036/ISD.2026.191
Behavioral Indicators of Response Credibility in Map-Based Surveys: A Paradata-Driven Approach
Research on the credibility of responses to online surveys has thus far omitted geo-questionnaires, which are web-based surveys which involve participants with an interactive map. This paper proposes a heuristic credibility assessment model for online geo-questionnaires, based on ten behavioral indicators derived from paradata, including response time, zoom interactions, inactivity periods, and geometric consistency of drawn routes. The model was implemented in an online geo-survey platform and evaluated on data collected from 44 university students, who completed a geo-questionnaire about the city of Gda´nsk with engagement control questions. Results show that the proposed indicators effectively distinguish between low-knowledge and low-engagement respondents, and that credibility-based filtering can increase average respondent scores by up to 12.1%. The findings confirm that paradata-driven credibility assessment can serve as a practical quality filtering mechanism in geo-questionnaire analysis.
Recommended Citation
Sarzyniak, A. & Kulawiak, M.(2026). Behavioral Indicators of Response Credibility in Map-Based Surveys: A Paradata-Driven Approach. In M. Valenta, B. Mannová, R. Pergl, A. Przybylek, M. Lang, H. Linger, C. Schneider, N. Iivari, & E. Insfran (Eds.), Making ISD Sustainable: Reloaded with AI and Automation (ISD2026 Proceedings). Prague, Czech Republic: Czech Technical University in Prague. ISBN: 978-80-01-07585-2. https://doi.org/10.62036/ISD.2026.191