Abstract

This study investigates the relationship between workplace surveillance and cyberloafing behavior, focusing on employees' perceptions of monitoring and their self-efficacy in evading detection. Using Protection Motivation Theory as a framework, we examine how perceived surveillance, response costs, and self-efficacy influence engagement in cyberloafing. Data were collected via an online survey of 202 participants, primarily from IT roles, and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling. The findings indicate that a lower sense of surveillance is associated with higher cyberloafing activity, whereas perceived response costs negatively correlate with engagement in cyberloafing. Furthermore, self-efficacy to avoid detection and maintain productivity is positively linked to cyberloafing behaviors. Demographic factors, including age and telework frequency, also emerged as significant predictors, with younger employees and those working remotely more frequently reporting higher rates of cyberloafing. These results provide valuable insights for organizations seeking to address cyberloafing by balancing surveillance measures and fostering workplace autonomy.

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