Abstract

Based on the prior two models of critical success factors (CSF) of online learning, this research presented a new CSF model that includes the use of mobile devices and tightly integrated constructs of self-regulated learning (SRL), intrinsic motivation, and extrinsic motivation. This new CSF model reflects the evolving nature of a CSF model in response to changing external environments, including the emergence of connectivism to support online education. Independent variables included in the study are the use of mobile devices, student motivation (intrinsic and extrinsic), student self-regulation, dialogue (instructor-student and student-student), instructor, and course design as potential determinants of online learning outcomes and student satisfaction. A total of 323 valid unduplicated responses from students who have completed at least one online course at a university in the Midwest were used to examine the structural model.

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