Abstract

Industrial ecosystems are redefining how manufacturing sectors create and capture value. Moving beyond linear supply chains, they promote collaboration, transparency, and shared innovation among suppliers, manufacturers, and other stakeholders. This paper compares industrial ecosystems across several manufacturing sectors, including aerospace, microelectronics, automotive, and pharmaceuticals. A conceptual framework is developed around three core dimensions—structure, technology, and governance—to explain how these ecosystems form and operate. The structural dimension captures collaboration patterns and network configurations; the technological dimension highlights the role of digital platforms, data sharing, and automation; and the governance dimension explores coordination mechanisms and value distribution. Building on this framework, the paper outlines a research agenda addressing barriers and enablers of ecosystem development, governance evolution, sustainability integration, and participation of smaller firms. Managerial and policy implications emphasize the importance of trust, interoperability, and collaborative standards as key drivers of competitiveness and resilience. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of how industrial ecosystems can accelerate digital transformation and sustainable value creation across the manufacturing landscape.

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