Abstract

Public organisations increasingly explore blockchain-based tokenisation to enhance transparency, accountability, and inter-organisational coordination, yet they lack systematic instruments for assessing which business processes are suitable candidates. Existing studies emphasise technical feasibility while neglecting organisational, governance, and development-contextual considerations critical to sustainable adoption. Grounded in socio-technical theory and Process Virtualisation Theory, situated within the IT-for-development tradition, and following a Design Science Research approach, this study proposes a tokenisation framework comprising four interrelated dimensions: process requirements, blockchain capabilities, sustainable incentives, and tokenisation outcomes. The framework is demonstrated through three public-sector cases: educational credentials, voluntary carbon markets, and certification of unavailability events in judicial information systems. The findings indicate that purely technical assessments are insufficient; alignment among process characteristics, institutional incentives, and expected outcomes is critical for tokenisation feasibility. The framework offers a structured, empirically grounded instrument that advances current debates on the conditions under which tokenisation can deliver public value.

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