Abstract

Thailand’s vaccine supply chain faces persistent challenges in logistics, limited cold chain capacity, and weak coordination among stakeholders, resulting in inefficiencies and higher vaccine wastage. This study examines how integrating digital technologies, specifically IoT, blockchain, and AI, could help overcome these issues. Based on primary and secondary data, this study employs a qualitative research design with semi-structured interviews with policymakers, healthcare workers, logistics professionals, and technology providers. Thematic analysis will be conducted to identify key themes, including inadequate infrastructure, gaps in real-time data sharing, and scalability constraints in rural areas. This study will propose a practical roadmap for integrating digital solutions into Thailand’s vaccine supply chain. It is expected that enhanced traceability, real-time monitoring, and data-driven demand forecasting will not only reduce wastage but also improve vaccine distribution to both central and rural areas. Moreover, collaboration between public and private organisations will be essential to ensure that digital integration aligns with existing policies and operational practices. These efforts will be consistent with the World Health Organization’s Effective Vaccine Management (EVM) guidelines. This paper will highlight the potential for creating a more efficient and resilient vaccine supply chain. Finally, the findings will provide decision-makers with practical guidance to navigate the complexities of digital transformation in healthcare, offering a pathway toward vaccine supply chain efficiency at both national and regional levels in Thailand and other Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

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