Abstract

Smartphone manufacturers continue to release new models annually, yet the pace of meaningful innovation has slowed, with most changes limited to incremental updates in design, performance, or software. This study examines whether such updates deliver tangible user benefits, as perceived by expert reviewers. Using a grounded theory approach, guided by Rogers’ Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) framework, the research analyses reviewer discourse from 221–225 across three technology commentators. The analysis identifies three interrelated processes sustaining perceptions of innovation: innovation displacement, capability–utility divergence, and market complacency cycles. While some improvements are acknowledged, such as refined aesthetics or extended software support; they are seldom judged sufficient to justify annual releases. These findings highlight a growing disconnect between industry narratives of innovation and expert evaluations of value, raising questions about the strategic and environmental legitimacy of frequent upgrades. The study contributes to debates on responsible innovation, perceived value, and sustainable technology consumption.

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