Abstract

Cybercrime has escalated worldwide into a highly organized and sophisticated enterprise that poses a threat to businesses, governments and individuals (Morgan, 2023). A review of scholarly literature reveals a critical research gap that showcases the evolution of Fraud-as-a-Service (FaaS), a model in which cybercriminals offer illicit services and ready-made tools that enable and empower even novice users to engage in cybercrime (Wilson, 2024). This literature review explores the origins, methods and impacts of cybercrime (specifically phishing and malware), while identifying gaps in current information technology research. The proposed study examines the applicability of Deterrence Theory to cybercrime and offers insights into the growing ecosystem of cyber threats.

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