Abstract

Financial inclusion is a priority in most developing countries. While the inclusion approaches may differ, the primary aim remains enrolling the unbanked into the formal economy. This paper adopts Critical Realism as a lens to compare the efforts of two inclusion models; M-PESA from Kenya and ezwich in Ghana. The findings reveal that while both models do not provide the infrastructure for people to build trust, the enrolment successes of both models differ significantly.

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